1719

1719 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1719; MDCCXIX
Ab urbe condita	2472
Armenian calendar	1168; ԹՎ ՌՃԿԸ
Assyrian calendar	6469
Balinese saka calendar	1640–1641
Bengali calendar	1126
Berber calendar	2669
British Regnal year	5 Geo. 1 – 6 Geo. 1
Buddhist calendar	2263
Burmese calendar	1081
Byzantine calendar	7227–7228
Chinese calendar	戊戌年 (Earth Dog); 4416 or 4209; — to —; 己亥年 (Earth Pig); 4417 or 4210
Coptic calendar	1435–1436
Discordian calendar	2885
Ethiopian calendar	1711–1712
Hebrew calendar	5479–5480
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1775–1776
- Shaka Samvat	1640–1641
- Kali Yuga	4819–4820
Holocene calendar	11719
Igbo calendar	719–720
Iranian calendar	1097–1098
Islamic calendar	1131–1132
Japanese calendar	Kyōhō 4; (享保４年)
Javanese calendar	1643–1644
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4052
Minguo calendar	193 before ROC; 民前193年
Nanakshahi calendar	251
Thai solar calendar	2261–2262
Tibetan calendar	阳土狗年; (male Earth-Dog); 1845 or 1464 or 692; — to —; 阴土猪年; (female Earth-Pig); 1846 or 1465 or 693

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century; 18th century ; 19th century;
Decades:	1690s; 1700s; 1710s ; 1720s; 1730s;
Years:	1716; 1717; 1718; 1719 ; 1720; 1721; 1722;

1719 (MDCCXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1719th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 719th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1719, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish-Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydalen mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life.^[1]
January 23 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created, within the Holy Roman Empire.^[2]
February 3 (January 23 Old Style) – The Riksdag of the Estates recognizes Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
February 20 – The first Treaty of Stockholm is signed.
February 28 – Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal Emperor of India since 1713, is deposed by the Sayyid brothers, who install Rafi ud-Darajat in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19.
March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.^[3]
March 17 – The coronation of Ulrika Eleonora as Queen of Sweden takes place in Stockholm.

April–June

April 4 – The French army under James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick invades the Basque provinces of Spain, with 20,000 troops crossing into Navarre.^[4]
April 19 – In Louisiana (New France), Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville's brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December 1718).
April 25 – Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe.
April 26 – King Philip V of Spain departs Madrid and leads 15,000 men of the Spanish Army into Navare to fight the French under Berwick.^[5]
May 14 – In Louisiana (New France), Bienville, from Mobile, captures Pensacola, but Pensacola is later recaptured by the Spanish, and again re-taken by Bienville.^[6]
May 25 – An earthquake in Turkey damages İzmit and Istanbul, damaging some city walls and ruining mosques and palaces.^[7]
June 4 – Battle of Ösel Island: A Russian naval force defeats the Swedish fleet.
June 18 – Captain John Perry fixes Dagenham Breach.
June 10 – Battle of Glen Shiel: British forces defeat the Jacobites and their Spanish allies.
June 20 – Battle of Francavilla: The Austrians are defeated by the Spanish.
June 30 – French forces under the Duke of Berwick open the Siege of San Sebastian

July–September

July 11 – Russia's Baltic Sea fleet is first spotted from the Swedish coast, starting the Russian Pillage of 1719–21 as part of the Great Northern War.
July 16 – The Carlsten fortress in Sweden surrenders to a Danish and Norwegian force after a siege of seven days. Colonel Henrich Danckwardt, who surrendered the fortress to Peter Tordenskjold after being away from it while it was still defensible, is beheaded on September 16.
August 13 – In the Battle of Stäket, Crown Prince Frederick I of Sweden leads the successful defense of Stockholm from Russian Admiral Fyodor Apraksin's Baltic Fleet during the Russian Pillage.
August 19 – Siege of San Sebastian. The Spanish garrison surrenders to the Duke of Berwick.
August 20 – Princess Maria Josepha of Austria, at one time the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria's Habsburg Empire, marries Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony ten days after renouncing any claim to the Austrian throne.
September 3 – The three-story tall Opernhaus am Zwinger, one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in Dresden by staging Antonio Lotti's Giovi in Argo.^[8]
September 29 – Muhammad Shah is crowned as the 12th Mughal Emperor of India at Shahjahanabad (now Delhi), 12 days after the death of Shah Jahan II from tuberculosis.^[9]

October–December

October 11 – Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda, the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, is assassinated in a bloody coup d'etat by supporters of the Archbishop of Manila, whom Bustamante had imprisoned.
October 14 – The British Army, under the command of Major General George Wade, invades and captures the forts of Vigo on the Atlantic coast of Spain.^[10]
October 21 – The Red Canal is opened in the Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, after seven years of construction, at a ceremony in the presence of the Tsar Peter the Great.^[11]
October 28 – Sweden and Denmark-Norway sign an armistice, halting combat in the Great Northern War between them, with final terms agreed to in the Treaty of Frederiksborg on July 3, 1720.^[12]
November 9 – In a treaty between Sweden and Hanover at the close of the Great Northern War, Sweden cedes the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (in northern Germany) to Hanover.
December 22 – Andrew Bradford publishes the American Weekly Mercury, Pennsylvania's first newspaper.

Date unknown

Prussia conducts Europe's first systematic census.
Miners in Falun, Sweden find the apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson (d. 1677), in an unused part of the copper mine.
Raine's Foundation School, Bethnal Green (founded by Henry Raine), opens in Wapping, England.
James Figg opens one of the first indoor venues for combat sports, adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in Oxford Road, London.^[13]

Births

Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim born 2 April

Christian Gottfried Krause born 17 April

January

January 1 – Pierre-François Hugues d'Hancarville, art historian and historian of ideas (d. 1805)
January 2
- Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder and merchant (d. 1797)
- Friedrich Christoph von Saldern, German general (d. 1785)
January 3
- Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, Catholic archbishop (d. 1802)
- Basil Feilding, 6th Earl of Denbigh, Earl in the Peerage of England (d. 1800)
- Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian and philologist (d. 1773)
January 6
- Ivan Ivanovich Belsky, Russian painter (d. 1799)
- Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort, French painter (d. 1775)
- William Hammond, British hymnist (d. 1783)
- Ignazio Marabitti, Italian artist (d. 1797)
January 10 – Maria Dorothea Wagner, German painter (d. 1792)
January 14 – Daniel Nettelbladt, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1791)
January 15 – William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, British peer (d. 1756)
January 17
- Maria van Antwerpen, soldier (d. 1781)
- Samuel Enderby, English whale oil merchant who sponsored Arctic exploration (d. 1797)
- Rajmundo Kunić, Croatian writer (d. 1794)
- Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (d. 1749)
- William Vernon, American merchant (d. 1806)
January 22
- Benjamin Hinman, surveyor, soldier, legislator (d. 1810)
- Henry Paget, 2nd Earl of Uxbridge, British Earl (d. 1769)
January 23 – John Landen, English mathematician (d. 1790)
January 25 – Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia (d. 1765)
January 30 – Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer, German writer (d. 1783)

February

February 2 – Edward Coke, Viscount Coke, British politician (d. 1753)
February 4 – Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf, German politician (d. 1769)
February 6 – Alberto Pullicino, Maltese painter (d. 1765)
February 10 – Clemente Sibiliato, Italian cleric (d. 1795)
February 11 – Vasilije Božičković, Eparch of Križevci (d. 1785)
February 13
- Samuel Finney, English miniature-painter (d. 1798)
- Joseph Liesganig, Austrian astronomer and Jesuit (d. 1799)
February 14 – David Doig, writer (d. 1800)
February 15
- Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling, German general (d. 1779)
- Jean Jacques Flipart, Engraver from France (d. 1782)
- Crown Prince Hyojang, crown prince of Joseon, son of king Yeongjo of Joseon (d. 1728)
February 18 – Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger, German physician (d. 1772)
February 19 – Arthur Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1799)
February 20
- Joseph Bellamy, American pastor, author and educator (d. 1790)
- Charles Clarke, English numismatist (d. 1780)
February 22 – Joshua Thomas, Historian of Welsh Baptists (d. 1797)
February 23 – Moses Mather, American clergyman (d. 1806)
February 27 – Alejandro González Velázquez, Spanish architect and painter (d. 1772)

March

March 1 – Daniel Thurston, American army officer (d. 1805)
March 4 – George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (d. 1777)
March 6
- João Carlos de Bragança, 2nd Duke of Lafões, Portuguese politician (d. 1806)
March 10 – Pierre-Paul Lemercier de La Rivière de Saint-Médard, French economist (d. 1801)
March 13 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British nobleman and soldier (d. 1797)
March 16 – Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp, Prussian lieutenant-general, Imperial Russian field marshal (d. 1763)
March 17 – Gabriel Podoski, Catholic archbishop (d. 1777)
March 23 – Anna Catharina Bischoff, Lady (or mummy) of the Barfüsser Church (d. 1787)
March 26 – Lubbert Jan van Eck, Dutch noble (d. 1765)
March 29 – John Hawkins, English author and music historian (d. 1789)
March 30 – John Wentworth, American jurist, soldier, leader of the American Revolution in New Hampshire (d. 1781)

April

April 2
- Vincenzo Legrenzo Ciampi, Italian composer (d. 1762)
- Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet (d. 1803)
April 3
- Daniel Dupuy, American silversmith (d. 1807)
- Thomas Grenville, Royal Navy officer killed in action in the War of the Austrian Succession (d. 1747)
April 4 – Mary Draper, American revolutionary character (d. 1810)
April 5
- Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar, prince of Persia (d. 1747)
- Axel von Fersen the Elder, lantmarskalk or marshal of the diet (d. 1794)
April 8 – Edmund Pery, 1st Viscount Pery, Irish politician, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1806)
April 9 – Sir Edward Blackett, 4th Baronet, British politician and barrister (d. 1804)
April 11 – Jakob Friedrich Heusinger, German classical philologist (d. 1778)
April 13 – John Breynton, Welsh missionary and minister (d. 1799)
April 16
- Mathieu-Antoine Bouchaud, French economist and professor (d. 1804)
- Tsugaru Nobuaki, Japanese Daimyo (d. 1744)
April 17
- Friedrich Hensing, German physician (d. 1745)
- Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas Hurtaut, French writer (d. 1791)
- Christian Gottfried Krause, German composer (d. 1770)
April 19 – William Banks, British politician (d. 1761)
April 22 – Jacques Rochette de La Morlière, French writer (d. 1785)
April 24 – Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti, Italian-born English literary critic and author (d. 1789)
April 28 – Sir Edward Turner, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1766)

May

May 5 – Andrew Meikle, Scottish engineer (d. 1811)
May 6 – Jean Baptiste Christy de La Pallière, French Navy officer (d. 1787)
May 8 – Nicholas Dias Abeysinghe, ceylonese Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1794)
May 17 – Bjarni Pálsson, Icelandic doctor (d. 1779)
May 19
- Johann von Fries, counsellor, director of the imperial silk factories, industrialist, banker (d. 1785)
- Charlotte of Monaco, Monegasque princess and nun (d. 1790)
- Matthew Patten, American judge (d. 1795)
May 20 – Roger Newdigate, English politician, antiquities collector (d. 1806)
May 22
- Charles Howard, Viscount Morpeth, British politician (d. 1741)
- Julia von Mengden, Russian noble (d. 1787)
- Matsudaira Nobunao, daimyo of the middle Edo period; 2nd lord of Hamamatsu, later 1st lord of Yoshida (d. 1768)
May 24 – Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina, Irish Baron (d. 1804)
May 27 – Henri-Joseph Dulaurens, French writer (d. 1793)
May 29 – Lorenzo De Caro, Italian painter (d. 1777)
May 31 – Robert Rutherfurd, Scottish merchant, Baron of the Russian Empire (d. 1794)

June

June 2 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist and librettist (d. 1797)
June 3 – Louis Paul Abeille, economist (d. 1807)
June 5 – Domenico Orsini d'Aragona, Italian cardinal (d. 1789)
June 10
- Michael Gottlieb Agnethler, German botanist and numismatist (d. 1752)
- Francisco Mariano Nipho, Spanish writer (d. 1803)
June 11 – François-Charles de Velbrück, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1784)
June 17 – Joshua Parry, Welsh nonconformist minister and writer (d. 1776)
June 19 – Sir Thomas Clavering, 7th Baronet, British politician (d. 1794)
June 28 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general, diplomat, statesman (d. 1785)

July

July 2 – Josip Šišković, Hapsburg military officer (d. 1783)
July 7
- William de Grey, 1st Baron Walsingham, British lawyer, judge, politician (d. 1781)
- Johann Karl von Herberstein, Austrian bishop (d. 1787)
July 11 – Giuseppe Toaldo, Italian physicist (d. 1797)
July 16
- William Walond Sr., English composer and organist (d. 1768)
- Gerrit Zegelaar, Dutch painter (d. 1794)
July 23 – Frances Boscawen, English literary hostess; (d. 1805)
July 25 – Chevalier de Johnstone, Jacobite Army officer (d. 1800)
July 26 – Elizabeth Pakenham, 1st Countess of Longford, English noblewoman (d. 1794)
July 29 – William Innes, British Member of Parliament (d. 1795)

August

August 4 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German and Russian mineralogist (d. 1767)
August 5 – Robert Glynn, British doctor (d. 1800)
August 7
- Francisco Fabián y Fuero, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1801)
- Jabez Huntington, American businessman 1719–1786 (d. 1786)
August 10 – Philip Thicknesse, author (d. 1792)
August 11 – George Selwyn, British politician (d. 1791)
August 13 – Itakura Katsuzumi, Japanese samurai (d. 1769)
August 18 – Bernard Ward, 1st Viscount Bangor, Irish politician and peer (d. 1781)
August 19 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec, French soldier, diplomat (d. 1781)
August 20
- James Bonner, American colonel (d. 1782)
- Christian Mayer, Czech-German astronomer (d. 1783)
August 23 – Pierre Poivre, French horticulturalist (d. 1786)
August 25
- Louis-Alexandre de Cessart, French engineer (d. 1806)
- Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (d. 1795)
August 26 – Carlo Sebastiano Berardi, Italian jurist (d. 1768)

September

September 3 – Ferdinand Zellbell the Younger, Swedish composer (d. 1780)
September 6 – Somerset Hamilton Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick (d. 1754)
September 11 – Tanuma Okitsugu, Japanese government official (d. 1788)
September 13 – Étienne Ficquet, engraver (d. 1794)
September 15 – Friedrich Christian Meuschen, German zoologist (d. 1811)
September 17
- Edward Kimber, British writer (d. 1769)
- James Smith, signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence (d. 1806)
September 21
- Larcum Kendall, British watchmaker (d. 1790)
- Johann Friedrich Mayer, agriculturalist (d. 1798)
September 24 – Florian Baucke, Jesuit missionary (d. 1780)
September 27 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (d. 1800)
September 30 – François Poulletier de la Salle, chemist and medical doctor (d. 1788)

October

October 1 – John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British politician (d. 1781)
October 3 – Paul Henry Ourry, British Member of Parliament (d. 1783)
October 7 – Jacques Cazotte, French writer (d. 1792)
October 9 – Georg Mathias Fuchs, German painter in Denmark (d. 1797)
October 10 – Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, English Earl (d. 1773)
October 12 – Ignaz Franz, German priest, hymnwriter (d. 1790)
October 13 – Josef Ignaz Mildorfer, Austrian painter (d. 1775)
October 14 – John Holker, English Jacobite soldier, industrialist and commercial spy (d. 1786)
October 18 – Charles Bulkley, British minister (d. 1797)
October 20 – Gottfried Achenwall, German philosopher, historian, economist, jurist, statistician (d. 1772)
October 23 – Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (d. 1774)
October 24
- Jakob Gadolin, Finnish bishop (d. 1802)
- Pierre Sigorgne, French physicist (d. 1809)
October 25 – Edward Townshend, Anglican dean of Norwich (d. 1765)
October 26
- Sir William Codrington, 2nd Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d. 1792)
- Hyacinthe Gaëtan de Lannion, French politician (d. 1762)
October 30 – Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicino, Italian priest (d. 1785)

November

November 6 – Louis-Antoine Caraccioli, French writer, poet and historian (d. 1803)
November 9 – Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani, Italian chess player (d. 1796)
November 14
- Leopold Mozart, German/Austrian composer, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (d. 1787)
- Franz Ludwig Wind, Swiss sculptor (d. 1789)
November 17
- Marie Marguerite Bihéron, Medical illustrator (d. 1795)
- Francis Home, Scottish physician (d. 1813)
November 22 – Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein, German artist (d. 1793)
November 23
- Spranger Barry, British actor (d. 1777)
- Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf, German publisher and typographer (d. 1794)
- Philip Wenman, 6th Viscount Wenman, Irish Viscount (d. 1760)
November 30 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. 1772)

December

December 8 – Andrés Marcos Burriel, historian (d. 1762)
December 13 – Thomas Gillespie, North Carolina planter (d. 1797)
December 15 – Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1790)
December 18 – William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington, British Army general (d. 1779)
December 25 – George Campbell, figure of the Scottish Enlightenment (d. 1796)
December 26 – Salvatore Maria di Blasi, Italian priest (d. 1814)
December 27 – John Phillips, American academic (d. 1795)
December 28 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French diplomat (d. 1787)

date unknown
- William Bradford, American revolutionary and printer (d. 1791)
- Dominic Serres, French-born painter (d. 1793)
- Thomas Sheridan, Irish actor (d. 1788)
- Thomas Elfe, furniture craftsman in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1775)

Deaths